NH3 Cost benefit analysis 1. draft report
Conversion of London Buses to zer0 % of CO2 and toxic gas emissions.
London Buses manages one of the largest bus networks in the world. Approximately 7,500 iconic red buses carry more than six million passengers each weekday on a network serving all parts of Greater London.
Carbon emissions (approx) = 1.3kg per kilometer www.carbonindependent.org/sources_bus.htm -
London buses covered 468m km in 2008 http://www.tfl.gov.uk/…pdf
468m km X 1.3kg = 608.4million kg p.a…. that`s about 608,400 tons of CO2 a year saved converting to CO2 free fuel!
Motor conversion costs.
Converting a Vehicle to run on Ammonia (NH3)
How does an ammonia dual fueled vehicle work? ”Any internal combustion engine can be converted to run on NH3. The simplest implementation of the dual fueled ammonia vehicle conversion is physically similar to a compressed natural gas vehicle conversion. A new on-board tank holds liquid ammonia at only about 150 PSI. Regulators, valves and an electronic control system meter the flow of ammonia to the engine as needed after the engine is started and warmed up on gasoline, ethanol etc. A small amount of gasoline is used to idle the engine, then as the load is increased the additional energy is provided by adding ammonia. This is all handled automatically by the engine control electronic module.” fuller details HERE http://www.greennh3.com/converting-to-nh3/
Converting diesel and petrol engines to run on NH3 is a proven technology and is relatively simple and inexpensive, and motors have a longer life,( Hydrogen Engine Center, who make NH3 fueled internal combustion engines and gense)
Approx costs between 2 and 5 thousand dollars per diesel bus, let’s say $5,000 to be safe. Purpose built engines would cost similar to normal ones. To convert the entire fleet (except for the 3 immensely expensive hydrogen buses) comes to 7497 X 5000 = $37, 48 5,000… That’s only $37.5m
To put that figure in context, the mayor of London claimed in 2011 to be spending 250m pounds a year in air pollution control measures.
The ‘New London Bus’, due out in Feb 2012, will cost 2.27m pounds each! http://www.boriswatch.co.uk/2010/02/05/new-bus-for-london-costs-shoot-up/So for just 15 of these wonderful new buses you could convert the whole fleet of 7500 to fuel 100% free of CO2 and toxic gas! ( We can’t believe this either.. please check our sums, we can’t find the mistake!)
Any reputable motor engineering company could be commissioned to do these conversions . University of Michigan NH3 Truck,
Fuel costs
Latest estimates put NH3 fuel costs, calculated to take into account different kilometers per liter rates, are slightly higher than current diesel prices (2011). This price comparison varies with production methods (set to fall with new technology coming on line), and oil prices (sure to rise). The storage and transport networks already exist (NH3 is the base of fertilizers) but would need to be extended but this cost would be paid by the producers who stand to profit. However it would be wise to invest some of the millions saved (About $450m year in health costs alone!) in production of the extra NH3 needed with the latest -cracking- renewable energy facilities now coming on line. Transport costs are much less than for oil based products as NH3 can be produced wherever the greatest demand exists.
Production
This diagram is the JACKPOT for those really seeking an answer to CO2 and Climate Change. An 'off the shelf' NH3 production process is CO2 free and makes a fuel that is also Co2 free and produces no toxic gases when burnt. Available from http ://www.protonchemie.com/NFUEL.html
At present NH3 is produced from Natural Gas, producing CO2. But running combustion engines on NH3 made from Natural Gas would by our estimate produce less than 50% of the CO2 emitted using oil based products.
In any case this technology is obsolete, new operational plants produce NH3 fuel from just air, water and electricity, and are ideal for cheap production with renewables. Plants can be equally efficient whether tiny or enormous and be situated anywhere there is air and water, and electricity, preferably sun, wind or hydro. info here..Freedom Fertilizer Wind to Ammonia Project
Even if the NH3 were made with Gas, Oil or Nuclear produced electricity the savings would be huge, in CO2 and in Oil dependency, but above all in clean air.. NH3 motors produce zero toxic gases as well as zero CO2, in fact you’re burning the hydrogen contained in it.
Savings in Climate Change Mitigation
‘Runaway’ Climate Change is now virtually certain with irreversible effects and incalculable costs. Indeed the very concept of money costs may become meaningless in the context of the consequent fall of Human Civilization. Converting networks like London Buses to Zero CO2 and toxic gas emissions at a low cost would have a huge knock on effect worldwide. In the unlikely case that CO2 emissions could therefore be contained the savings would also be incalculable. We estimate savings at 500Trillion p.a. for 100 years to neutralize excess CO2. Savings on the costs of Climate Change therefore vary between zero, (if it’s already too late) and approx. 50,000 trillion euros/dollars if the knock on effect passed to all transport, including planes, ships and cars going CO2 free. For the purpose of this study we can only guess the money value of Climate Change mitigation, placing it at a conservative $10 trillion (10.000 billion).
Safety
European standards for current NH3 production, transport and storage methods make accidents very few with hardly any injuries or deaths.. NH3 can’t explode and only burns at a very narrow temperature. As a gas it is dangerous and very smelly, but rises and disperses, being much lighter than air, so storage facilities have roof ventilation for safety. see Here NH3 Fuel risk analysis report carried out by Quest Consultants
Air Pollution Savings
In the case of London An estimated 4,267 Londoners are dying prematurely each year because of long-term exposure to airborne pollution. (Boris Johnston 2010). Estimating London buses as a conservative 10% of those we have 426 people a year who would avoid an agonizing unnecessary and uncompensated death. A saving in cash terms of at least $150 million p.a. allowing for lost years of work and medical costs . Then there are at least ten times that number who are frequently ill or permanently disabled due to air pollution, at an estimated cost of $300 million p.a. just for the 10% caused by bus pollution. (Some estimates are up to 30% but that includes taxis and fleets.)
(A brilliant new study (2011) by analyses a whole neighbourhood of Lancaster next to an industrial plant, with exact local pollution maps, distinguishing between toxicity from the factory and that from traffic exhausts. Read the Study here)
So we estimate the Savings in Air Pollution costs to be a minimum of $450 million every year, not including the incalculable costs in avoidable human suffering.
How to use ‘Green Gasoline’
As a fuel NH3 is stored as a liquid in gas bottles, like propane which is already widely used, only that NH3 liquifies at almost normal air pressure, so there is no danger of explosion. Cars would take two, bottles, and you exchange one at the petrol station when it runs out, instead of filling up. Ammonia Fuel Network
You have a new carburetor box which controls exactly the ignition temperature and air mix necessary, and your motor will last longer. Your fuel should be cheaper than present day petrol, plus you have the pleasure of knowing you’re not destroying the planet for your children, or causing death and illness from air pollution.
‘Knock-On effect Savings
To all this we could add estimated hundreds of millions as a ‘knock on saving’ calculating the number of individuals who would have their vehicles converted to NH3 if London Buses ran on it and it were readily available.
Conclusions
We can see already from this preliminary study that London Buses could be cheaply and quickly converted to CO2 free fuel that also emits zero toxic gases. Such a move would convey immense prestige on the city and politicians responsible, as well as plenty of lucrative knock on effects, tourism, etc .
It would save the lives of about 426 Londoners a year.
It would save approx $450 million a year in air pollution costs alone.
It would directly cut CO2 emissions by approx 608,400 tons a year.
Converting the buses to run on NH3 would cost about $37.5m.. the cost of just 15 new buses
Direct fuel costs would be similar, or cheaper.
Why then is it not done? Maybe because..
a) The immensely powerful oil and motor industry ‘own’ the corrupt and servile politicians., always receiving huge tax breaks and subsidies on top of their scandalous profits. In other words Capitalism. We cannot save the planet because it would tread on the toes of the 1%?
b) The oil industry has buried NH3 fuel and its supporters for over a century.
c) Just because nobody has done it. The oil companies cannot stop a determined push for change. If hundreds of reformers (LIKE YOU) were to start campaigning for NH3 fuel it could actually catch on.
This study was carried out to wake people up to the obvious advantages of NH3 fuel. It`s not scientific, but if the figures are even half way accurate it 1s important and explosive. Now it`s up to YOU to take it further. Or let this technology sleep for another 100 years!
See many posts on NH3 Co2 free fuel here http://thefreeonline.wordpress.com/category/ammonia-nh3-co2-free-fuel/
A good site for basic information ans contacts http://www.nh3fuelassociation.org/
An excellent informative article on NH3 fuel http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=799
Another good site promoting pollution free NH3 Green Gas http://www.greennh3.com/
Info on NH3 IN SPANISH http://thefreeonline.wordpress.com/2011/06/28/los-petroleras-matan-16-000-el-ano-y-repriman-el-green-gas-nh3/
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O Comitê Brasil em Defesa das Florestas assistiu nesta sexta (25) com grave preocupação o anúncio da sanção parcial do projeto de Código Florestal aprovado no Congresso, o que frustrou a expectativa de ampla maioria da população pelo veto integral. conteúdo das medidas não foi divulgado oficialmente, denotando total falta de transparência. Preocupa-nos ainda, além do conteúdo anunciado, o desdobramento do processo por meio de Medida Provisória. A anistia segue como eixo central do texto, visto que, a data de 2008 como linha de corte para manutenção de áreas desmatadas ilegalmente continua inalterada e, consequentemente, promove a isenção de recuperação de Áreas de Proteção Permanente (APP) e Reserva Legal. As flexibilizações em relação a lei atual podem ser ainda ampliadas, pois a matéria e os pontos modificados serão devolvidos ao Congresso. A sanção parcial pela presidente Dilma reforça a necessidade de ampliar a mobilização, que será intensificada na Rio+20. A campanha “Veta Tudo, Dilma!”, que se tornou um fenômeno social no Brasil, seguramente continuará, pois a sanção parcial não encerra a vontade dos brasileiros de construir um Código Florestal que concilie conservação e produção. http://centrodeestudosambientais.wordpress.com/2012/05/27/veto-parcial-mantem-florestas-brasileiras-sob-risco/
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